【Introduction】

In the era of precision surgery, doctors no longer merely rely on "examining images" to diagnose conditions.

A CT or MRI scan, seemingly just a black-and-white cross-sectional image, actually contains the unique anatomical structure, vascular pathways, lesion locations and tissue variations of each patient. And the 3D simulated organ model turns the "invisible spatial structure" into "touchable real anatomy".

Many surgical teachers use it every day, but few truly understand: How is a clinical-level simulated organ model actually created? Today, MAXSEAS will take you through a complete dissection, showing the entire process from 2D images to 1:1 replica of the simulated organ.

【Collection of original image data】

It fully integrates the hospital-standard DICOM thin-layer imaging data, completely preserving the original scan details of the patient:

The vascular course, lesion boundaries, anatomical layers, and tissue adjacency relationships are all retained in their original positions without compression or loss of details, laying the foundation for subsequent precise reconstruction.

Unlike ordinary thick-layer CT, the thin-layer data can capture subtle branches, hidden lesions, and anatomical variations, and is the core prerequisite for complex surgical modeling.

【Three-dimensional reconstruction of medical images】

When doctors review X-ray films on a daily basis, they can only observe the planar sections one by one. All the three-dimensional spatial relationships need to be imagined based on experience, which makes it very easy to encounter problems such as angle deviations, depth misjudgments, and missed diagnoses of blood vessels. This is also the core reason for the high risks of complex surgeries.

MAXSEAS uses professional medical image segmentation algorithms and 3D reconstruction technology to intelligently analyze, organize, segment the boundaries, and perform 3D fitting on hundreds of consecutive sectional images. It completely reconstructs fragmented two-dimensional images into 1:1 three-dimensional digital organ structures.

After the reconstruction is completed, the following can be clearly displayed:

• The overall morphology of the target organs such as the kidneys, ureters, and bladder;

• The three-dimensional paths and blood supply areas of all branches of the renal arteries and renal veins;

• The three-dimensional coordinates, size, and infiltration range of tumors, calculi, and water accumulation lesions;

• The adjacent spatial relationships between the organs and the pleura, intestines, and major blood vessels.

Completely breaking the limitations of the two-dimensional imaging perspective, allowing doctors to fully grasp the individualized anatomical characteristics of the patient before the operation.


【Clinical detailed revision】

The three-dimensional model generated by the algorithm is merely a basic digital structure, which has problems such as image artifacts, blurred boundaries, and missing fine structures. It cannot be directly used for clinical surgical planning.

MAXSEAS relies on experience and combines the practical operation standards of urological surgery to conduct comprehensive and refined calibration and correction of the digital model. The team eliminates scanning noise and artifacts one by one, sharpens the boundaries of the lesions, fills in the fine vascular branches, corrects the deformed structures of organs, and precisely distinguishes normal renal parenchyma, diseased tissues, blood vessels, and collecting systems. At the same time, for special cases such as malformed kidneys, transplanted kidneys, complex calculi, and deep-seated tumors, the anatomical details are specially optimized to maximize the restoration of the real surgical field, ensuring that the model fully meets the requirements of clinical surgical planning and subsequent preoperative simulation, puncture planning, and resection range design to be accurate and reliable.


【1: 1 physical printing】

The three-dimensional digital model, which has been clinically reviewed and confirmed by doctors to be error-free, will be replicated in a 1:1 scale using high-precision medical 3D printing equipment. It will precisely match the actual size, organ shape, lesion location and blood vessel distribution of the patient's body.

MAXSEAS uses medical-grade printing materials. The model has a clear structure and a texture that closely resembles human soft tissues. It can visually display the overall shape of the organ, the density of blood vessels, the depth and location of the lesion, and the anatomical variations. Whether it is the regular kidney structure, or special anatomical conditions such as horseshoe kidney, duplicated kidney, abnormal kidney rotation, or transplanted kidney, it can be highly accurately restored.


【Deployed in clinical settings】
From CT data to physical models, the ultimate goal of the entire process is to be applied in clinical practice, serve surgical operations, reduce risks, and enhance therapeutic effects. The MAXSEAS 3D simulation organ models comprehensively cover the three core clinical scenarios of urology, empowering precise diagnosis and treatment.

1. Precise preoperative planning to avoid surgical risks

For high-difficulty surgeries such as PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy), nephron-sparing tumor resection, complex stone removal, and deformity correction, doctors can simulate the puncture point, channel angle, resection range and hemostasis plan on the physical model in advance. They can precisely avoid important tissues such as major blood vessels, pleura, and intestines, effectively reducing the risks of intraoperative bleeding, organ damage, and postoperative complications.

2. Difficult Case Simulation, Shortening the Learning Curve

For rare and challenging cases such as anatomical variations, multiple postoperative recurrences, and complex multiple lesions, team preoperative discussions and simulated surgeries can be conducted using physical models. This helps young physicians quickly familiarize themselves with the special anatomical structures and accumulate experience in difficult surgeries, significantly shortening the learning curve for minimally invasive urological surgeries.

3. Visualize doctor-patient communication and enhance diagnostic consensus

Patients and their families are unable to understand professional CT images, and have knowledge gaps regarding the condition, surgical difficulty, and treatment plan. By using a 1:1 physical model, doctors can visually explain the location of the lesion, anatomical abnormalities, surgical ideas and treatment value, and popularize the risks and prognosis of the surgery in a simple way. This effectively alleviates patients' anxiety, enhances doctor-patient trust and surgical cooperation.

【MAXSEAS | Make every model detail visible】

A CT image carries the patient's medical data; a set of 3D replicated organ models safeguard the safety and accuracy of every surgical procedure.

From importing the original image, conducting three-dimensional reconstruction, making clinical fine adjustments, to 1:1 physical printing and clinical application, MAXSEAS completes a complete closed loop from image data to clinical practice. We have specialized in urology and nephrology fields, focusing on the customization of individualized 3D anatomical models, lesion simulation models, and interventional surgery training models. We have long served over a dozen tertiary hospitals across the country, helping to accurately implement complex and difficult surgeries, standardize the training of specialist physicians, and facilitate efficient visual communication between doctors and patients.

The core of precision medicine is not relying on experience for predictions, but making every anatomical detail clearly visible and every surgical operation based on evidence.